This paper seeks to answer the question whether the Constitutional Revolution of 1905-1911 in Iran was a democratic revolution or social revolution? This discussion has been explained from the view point of the political sociology, relying on the Moore's theory. Studies indicate that the Constitutional Revolution in all periods has had the features of democratic revolution for the following reasons: The revolution was led by bourgeoisie and land aristocracy in different periods. The revolution defended the legalism, established political freedom and applied the peaceful means more than other social revolutions.

The Constitutional Revolution of Iran is a good subject for studing historical, cultural, social and political events of Iran from 1324 until now.Studying the Constitutional Revolution using the sociological theories, helps us better to understand its causes and consequences in different levels of the Iranian society. The theories of revolution try to explain why and how revolutions happen and what are their consequences. This article uses Marx's and Skocpol's theories of reuolution in order to explain the Iranian Constitutional Revolution. The study reveals that the neomarxist theory of skocpol can explain the Constitutional Revolution better than that of Marx.

Scholars of the history of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution have studied the economic Causes of that Revolution and emphasized the inefficient role of Macroeconomic Structure, Corruption, budget deficit, lack of economic infrastructure, foreign debt, and the negative consequences of iran’, s orbiting capitalist economic relations. The present article, while confirming the role of the mentioned factors in creating the beginning of the Constitutional Movement in iran, has considered the economic Causes of the Constitutional Revolution from the perspective of the role of Livelihood factors and examines this issue by emphasizing the basic question that: has the living conditions of iran, in the decade leading up to the Constitutional Revolution, influenced the beginning of thr Iranian Constitutional Movement? The hypothesis of the present Study is that the damages caused by irans political economy in the decade leading up to the Constitutional Revolution were significantly reflected in the living conditions of the people and this caused a crisis in livelihood and consequently general dissatisfaction and revolt and with the unresponsiveness and ineffectiveness of dissatisfaction and revolts, the way has been paved for the Constitutional Revolution. The findings of the study show that The livelihood crisis provided the basis for the formation of livelihood riots and subsequent political demands in the Constitutional Revolution. The method of the present study is historical with adescriptive –,analytical approach. The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between economic variables and the revolutionary movement of Iranian Constitutionalism.

The description of constitutional science, still necessary to elaborate and identify different aspects of constitutional revolution's history in order to learn lessons from misleading and disastrous factors that practically rendered all sacrifices, braveries and martyrs fruitless. In this article we will discuss clerics' role as the most important factor in organizing Iranian society during the constitutional revolution.Clerics as an influential class in constitutional revolution and due to their independence from the ruling system had a positive and prominent status and their presence among all groups of people is an important factor in Iran's contemporary history which led to their companionship and cooperation with people in critical moments. With correct orientation, they could move along with people's needs and control their movements.

Undoubtedly, Constitutional Revolution one of the most influential and Constitutional complex events in the modern history of Iran. Apart from these effects, the fields are always many questions about the emergence and success (at least in the Revolution) has been existed. This study pursuing new view to survey the Constitutional Revolution based on Johnson model and its adaptation with this Revolution. According to this model, the change in the value and environmental resources in Qajar society and their role in creating the disequilibrium in the social order, and then to evaluate the performance of elite accelerators in the process will be discussed. Also, positive and negative aspects this adaptation will be considered along with the use of the model in the study, the shortages and limitations of this work are noted. It seems that this model does not fully implement to the Constitutional Revolution and have some shortages. As a result, at parts of it need tobe modified in order to generalizability to explain this historical phenomenon.

When did constitutional revolution begin in Iran? Can we recognize a beginning point in the history for this revolution? Which one of the active social forces in social context of Iran sent the flying spark of this revolution? These are questions under discussion in this article. For dealing with these questions, some standpoints in historical research such as narrative position, continuity, discontinuity, and multiplicity of perspectives are reviewed and views of Henri Bergson, Ferdinand Braudel, and Georges Gurvitch are criticized. Afterwards, on the basis of Foucault's genealogy, instead of considering a "beginning", this historical research relies on the "beginnings" of constitutional revolution. Finally, through a critical discourse analysis of the editorial of the solitary published number of Vatan (La Patrie) newspaper, we make it clear that one of the beginning of the constitutional revolution happened at the same time that organic intellectuals, as a new social forces at the juncture of threshold of constitutional revolution, came into the social stage of Iran. But, if other social forces, instead of intellectuals, are considered as the main actor in narration of constitutional revolution, the beginning of this revolution would be transferred to the other point of history.

By taking into account the fact that, in both Constitutional Revolution and the Islamic Revolution, the reduced power in the central government resulted in significant increase in the number of newspapers, in this paper we perform a content analysis of the editorial articles in the first issues of all new-born newspapers within the two revolutions intervals this period fasted 891 days for the case of the Constitutional Revolution and 614 days for the case of the Islamic Revolution.Using an interpretation of the concept of “value” we investigated the similarities and the dissimilarities of the two revolutions. The results show that in both revolutions, there was an agreement on what was not desired and was considere of actually as a negative value; although there was a significantly higher diversity in the undesired and negative values in the Islamic Revolution compared to the Constitutional Revolution. In other words, there were more focuses on the negative values in the Islamic Revolution in terms of expressing what is not wanted compared to what was actually wanted.We can clearly see more tendencies towards western modernism in the Constitutional Revolution and more aversion from the western modernism in the Islamic Revolution. Also there was more or less an agreement on expressing positive values with respect to the leadership of the revolution in the Islamic Revolution, While there were no individual having the same position in the Constitutional Revolution. There was also an agreement on expressing positive values with respect to knowledge, knowing, knowledgeable people, and expertise in the Constitutional Revolution, while there was mostly an agreement on not expressing positive values with respect to these issues in the Islamic Revolution. There was a strong agreement against not only the King, but also the concept of monarchy in the Islamic Revolution. However, there was only an agreement against the Qajar Dynasty, but not against the monarchy system in the Constitution Revolution. In fact, the ancient kings and their glory were respected by the abased people of Iran at the time of the Constitutional Revolution.

Constitutional Revolution was the important event of Qajar reign with some great consequences in the Iranian society. Ali Khan Gardi, known as Arshad al-Doleh, was an important follower of the Constitutional Movement, who later turned against it. Introducing his character, the author investigates his role in the Constitutional Revolution.

Historical role of Azerbaijan in developing of intellectual thought and revolutionary ideas before the Constitutional Revolution of Iran (1905-1906) is certain. Resistance of the people of Tabriz, in the Blockade of Tabriz accompanied with the concrete of Tehran by constitutionalists, which were From Turk and Shomali ethnics lead by Bakhtiari Lurs. Thinking the Constitutional Revolution, this question comes through that what was the role of the major ethnics (Turks and ethnicities with Farsi dialects in northern Iran (Gilaks and Mazandaranis) and Lurs (Laks and Bakhtiaris) in western Iran) in the process of victory of the revolution? The main question of this paper asks “what is the role of Turkish ethnicity in the North West region of Azerbaijan in the Constitutional Revolution? ”The paper hypothesizes, “Azerbaijan internally and externally (internationally) had a fundamental role in the development of the Constitutional Revolution. Internally, region of Azerbaijan-where the Prince of Qajar was growing there, until take the Crown- was one of the country's economic hubs and then it was developed. Iran-Russia War in the 18th century and the consequences of the war in Azerbaijan – which directly involved in war-increased the protests against the monarchy of Qajar. This factor, along with external factors –revolutionary ideas came from Europe and Russia, foreign trade and the British and Russian colonialism- caused protest of Azerbaijanis. Citing the results obtained from various sources, I can argue that the constitutional revolution has a multi-ethnic nature and some of Iranian ethnic groups, especially Azeris had crucial role in it.

Contrary to the Quran trainings and the Maasoumin (The Innocent Sacred, Peace upon them) Sunnah classic Iranian literature did not eligibly respect woman. In such an approach the woman was considered as pleasing mate for man, while having no equal rights and not even to have a right to protest. Such an attitude was revised in The Constitutional Revolution after ward era. The women took actions to reestablish their legal demands and the men declined to justice. To accomplish humanitarian status, equal position in the family and the society, the preparation of the conditions led to education and presence in the open social life and the participation in social and political affaires were all the Constitutional Revolution achievements for women. This paper introduced some of the Constitutional Revolution era poets pointing out to their enlightment efforts of the public opinion to resume the women right, rights that in contradiction to Divine rules were deprived of the women due to disordered social institutions.